Means for photographic type composing



Oct. 31, 1939. 1.. A. SPlEVAK MEANS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPE COMPOSING F'iled Dec. 16, .1935 9 Sheets-Sheet 1 ms Sm. z :22: z

m 2% LE 2 If mqw z b mm INVENTQQ: LOUISASPIEVRK 0a. 31 1939. L. A. SPIEVAK 2,178,379

MEANS .FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPE COMPOSING Filed Dec. 16, 1955 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 who: 0

Oct. 31, 1939. sPlEVAK 2,178,379

MEANS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPE COMPOSING Filed Dec. 16, 1935 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 ATTORNEY.

Oct. 31, 1939. 1.. A. SPIEVAK MEANS on PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPE coMPosING Filed Dec. 16, 1935 9 Sheets-Sheet5 IINVENVTO ATTORNEY Oct. 31, 1939.,

L, A. SPIEVAK MEANS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPE COMPOSING Filed Dec.

j I 1: 311 121111 El 16, 1955 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 Oct. 31, 1939. L. A. SPIEVAK 1 83 9 MEANS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPE COMPOSING Filed Dec. 16, 1935 9 SheetsSheet 7 Lou/s A. SPIEVRK t, EL 1939. L SPlEVAK 2,178,379

MEANS FOR EHOTOGRAPHIG TYPE COMPOSING Filed Dec. 16, 1955 9 Sheets$heet 8 L Ou/s ASP/EVAK Get. 31, 1939. L. A. SPlEV'AK 2 78.3 9

MEANS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPE COMPOSING Filed Dec. 16, 1935 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 VENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 31, 1939 MEANS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPE COMPOSING 7 Louis A. Spievak, Atlanta, Ga. Application December 16, 1935, Serial No. 54,706

42 Claims.

This invention relates to means for producing photographic type matter composition used in ordinary lithographic or rotogravure or other purposes for which sensitized films or plates may be used. More specifically, it relates to a photographic apparatus operated by an ordinary typewriter with electrical connections between said typewriter and a selector mechanism which in turn operates means for selecting independent characters and photographing the same upon a suitable film or plate. When the matter is typed, impulses are set up by the selecting mechanism to be used for controlling the operations of the Various mechanisms for producing this result. When a code is set up on the selector mechanism it remains untouched for the remainder of the line at which time, ordinarily, a de-coding mechanism is thrown into action which will transfer these representations to a distribution point. When this is done the value will control the angular displacement of a suitable mirror system which reflects the projection of the image of a character upon a fllm'for photographing the same.

It is an object of this invention to provide a justifying coding system whereby one or more lines can be set up in code and an independent justification for each line also set up in code to be used with their proper line. This makes it possible to operate the coding system practically continuously since a stationary code system is used with independent coding and de-coding systems.

Means are also provided whereby the coding system can be operated intermittently at the will of the operator whereas the de-coding system operates at a uniform speed. If the decoding system were operated at the same variable speed as that of the operator it wouldbe necessary to limit the time of exposure in the projecting machine to the fastest speed of the operator, but since the decoding system works independently at a constant speed which is approximately equivalent to the average speed of the operator, it is possible to use an exposing time greater than the time intervals occurring between operation of the keys of the typewriter.

It is another object of the invention to provide means for holding a sensitized film on 9. cylindrical platen and rotating the platen a definite space for each character to appear thereon, and providing means for projecting the image of one character at a time onto said film, and when a line of characters has been placed on said film to complete rotation of the platen to a complete turn and moving the platen longitudinally of its axis of rotation to step the film to new line position.

It is another object of the invention to provide a typewriter having conventional type bars and 5 key bars for writing lines of type characters, and each time a key bar is actuated a plurality of impulses are transmitted to a selector where selections are made for a line.or more, measuring the space the written characters will occupy 10 in regular line printing and also transmitting impulses to make a setting in the selector each time the space bar is operated in the typewriter, providing means for counting the times the space bar is actuated and moving a member a predetermined amount each time the space bar is actuated, then mechanically making a calculation to divide the space remaining in a line to justify the same by the word spaces in the line, providing means for reading a line of selections after 20 a line has been set, providing a member having representations of the characters in the typewriter, providing a mirror and causing relative movement between the member having the characters thereon and the mirror to project the 25 selected image onto a sensitized film, and moving the film in accordance with the width of the character and also moving the film to space the words an equal distance apart on the film in accordance with the justifying means.

It is another object of the invention to provide means for making a film having lines of justified type characters thereon by storing selections in a selector, measuring the space the characters selected will occupy in regular line printing, also counting the spaces between the words in a line and then performing a calculating operation to divide the space remaining to make a filled line by the number of word spaces and setting a mechanism and locking the said mechanism in position, and providing means for reading a line of selections while a new line of selections are being set and providing a member having representations of the characters and controlling the movements of a reflecting medium or refracting medium to cast the image of the selected character onto the film, the relative movement between the reflecting or refracting medium being controlled by the reading of the settings in the selector and the member set for justification moving the film an additional amount over the amount a space selection will move it so that a plate or film can be produced having perfectly justified lines of type characters, which plate or film can be used for direct printing or plates can be prepared thereirom for printing.

It is another object of the invention to provide means for justifying a line of characters by dividing the unused space in a line by the number of word spaces in the line and positioning the words an equal distance apart in the line.

Some of the objects of the invention having been stated, other objects will appear as the description proceeds when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a schematic wiring diagram or a portion of the invention;

Figure 1A is a schematic wiring diagram oi. the other portions of the invention which are adapted to cooperate with the parts shown in Figure 1;

Figure 2 is a sectional view through an ordinary typewriter showing the means for connecting the coding apparatus thereto;

Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional detail view of the lower central portion oi? Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view through the coding and de-coding means;

Figure 5 is a sectional plan view taken along the line 5-5 in Figure 4;

Figure 6 is a sectional line 6-6 in Figure 4;

Figure 7 is a detail 1-1 in Figure 4;

Figure 8 is a justifier;

Figure 9 is a graphical representation of the geometrical principle used in the justifier;

Figure 10 is an elevation with certain portions thereof in section showing the justification coding and decoding means;

Figure 11 is a Sectional plan View taken along the line in Figure 10;

Figure 12 is a sectional plan view taken along line l2-l2 in Figure 10;

Figure 13 is an elevation tions thereof in section of its controls;

plan view taken along plan view taken along line perspective view showing the showing certain porthe film carriage and Figure 14 is a sectional plan view taken along line |4-|4 in Figure 13;

Figure 15 is an elevation taken along line |5-|5 in Figure 13 showing the conventional shutter mechanism;

Figure 16 is an elevation of the limiting device to determine the movement of the film carriage for ordinary spacing and taken along the line |6-|6 in Figure 13;

' Figure 17 is a sectional view taken along the line |1-|1 in Figure 13 showing the ratcheting mechanism for advancing the film platen to effeet the justification;

Figure 18 is a sectional view taken along the line l8-I8 in Figure 13 showing the ratchet mechanism for advancing the film carriage for 'the ordinary character spacing;

Figure 19 is a sectional view taken along the line |9-| 9 in Figure 13;

Figure 20 is a view taken along line 20-20 in Figure 16;

Figure 21 is a Sectional view taken along the line 2|-2| in Figure 16;

Figure 22 is a sectional view taken along the line 22-22 in Figure 16 Figure 23 is a sectional 23-23 in Figure 16;

Figure 24 is a sectional view taken along line 24-24 in Figure 13 showing the limiting device;

view taken along line perspective view of the proview taken along line I3 is pivoted in the typewriter and said link is also pivoted to a key bar M. Key bar I4 is pivoted as at I5 to the framework of the typewriter and has a projection l1 extending downwardly therefrom which contacts a contact bar I8 pivoted as at Is. There is a contact bar |8 for each key bar. Tension spring |6 normally holds its associated key bar M in the position shown in Figure 2, whereas the spring 20 normally holds the contact bar H3 in contact with projection H. A suitable board 2| of suitable insulating material is mounted adjacent notched contact bars l8 and normally supports a plurality of wires namely 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 21, 28, 29, 30, and 245. Board 2| extends transversely of the typewriter for the width of the space occupied by the key bars. Since each notched bar 8 has a wire 3| connected thereto for supplying current to the bar, it is evident that when a key bar [4 is pressed downwardly in Figure 2, that the surface of the bar |8 will contact a plurality of the wires 22 to 30 inclusive and wire 245. In the present in stance the wires 22, 23, 26, 28, 29, 30 and 245 will be contacted since notches I81: and |8b are cut out to produce a combination. In each of the bars I8 which are operated by a key bar l4, the notches |8a or |8b will be placed in a different position so that a different selection of wires 22 to 30 will be made. Each wire 3| is connected to a suitable-battery 32 which battery is grounded as at 33.

,In Figure 1 the notched contact bars l8 are shown graphically in the form of switches but it is evident that any or all of the switches may be operated at one time in order to obtain the proper combination for the code, depending upon the location of the notches in bar l8. The wires 22 to 30 inclusive are connected to suitable brushes 34 to 4| inclusive which brushes contact suitable brush rings lid on the coding arm 9. This coding arm has secured to its upper forked end (see Figure 4) a plurality of solenoids 50 to 51 inclusive, which are connected to brushes 34 to 4| respectively by suitable wires 42 to 49 inclusive. The upper forked portion of coding cylindrical memof pins, said pins being located circumferentially on four diiierent levels. In the present instance, the rows are indicated by reference characters 60, 6|, 62 and 63 (Figs. 4 and 7). The cylindrical member 59 is normally charged with current coming from battery 65 through wire 66. This battery 65 is grounded as at 67.

Let us assume that the key bar I4 is depressed and current is furnished to a selected number of conducting members 22 to 30. The type bar l2 will print the character on the paper for proofing purposes and at the same time a selected number of the solenoids 50 to 51 will be actuated. If the bar I9 is so notched that only the solenoid 50 will be actuated, then the pin 60 will be pushed to the position shown in Figure 4. Likewise if only the solenoid 55 is energized, the pin 6| will be pushed in the opposite direction, and if the solenoids 52 and 56, for example, are simultaneously operated the pins will be pushed to a neutral position as indicated by the position oi the pins 62 and 63. The solenoids 50 to 51 are of the conventional plunger type in which the ends of their plungers, disposed next to the pins 60' and 63, are of non-magnetic material.

By having four difierent rows of pins and each pin being capable of being placed in three different positions, it is evident that eighty-one different combinations can be produced. It is possible to obtain these eighty-one different combinations since the combinations possible in an arrangement of this kind will be the number of positions assumed by a pin, which is three, raised to the power of the number of rows of pins, that is, mathematically, three raised to the fourth power which is eighty-one. Cylinder 59 has a plurality of radially disposed sets of pins 60 to 63 inclusive, each set representing a possible combination,

' which combination is de-coded to serve a final operation, The lower portion of the coding arm 9 is rotatably mounted in-a frame 68 and has fixedly secured on the lower end thereof a suitable pinion 69 which meshes with an idler pinion 10 having integral therewith a ratchet 1 I. Pinion I0 and ratchet 'II are rotatably mounted on pin I2 and the ratchet 'II has a dog I4 engaged thereon, which dog is pivoted on the right-hand end lever I3 (Figs. 4 and 6). This lever is also rotatably mounted on stud or pin 12 and is normally held in the position shown in Figure 6 by means of a ten ion spring 15. A magnet I6 is provided for rotating the lever 13 in a clockwise position, whereas, the tension spring operates the lever in a counter-clockwise position to cause the ratchet 'II, gear I0 and p nion 69 to be rotated. The magnet 16 is energized by the wire 30 (Figures 1 and 3), each time a type bar is actuated'to produce a coded function. A suitable ground 11 is provided for magnet 16.

As has been previously stated, the lever I3 (Fig. 6) is operated by magnet 16 each time a combination of solenoids 50 to 51 is operated to set up a coded comb nation. When these solenoids are de-energized at the time the key bar I4 is released, the magnet 16 will simultaneously be de-energized and the spring I5 will rotate the ratchet II and its associated parts to cause the coding arm 9 to be rotated to the next position ready for the next set of pins 60 to 65 to be located. Each of the solenoids 50 to 51 are grounded as at 19. After the arm 9 has successively moved around the cylinder 59 to set up a. plurality of combinations for operation in a line of composition, a de-coding arm is operated to use the recording in a functional manner which will be presently described. The de-ccding arm of insulating material has a forked lower end in which is mounted contact brushes 82 to 89 inclusive, so mounted as to contact the pins such as 60 to 63 which are pushed in an off-center position, that is, in a position as occupied by pins 60 or 6I located in the right-hand portion of Figure 4. Immediately upon contact of any of these pins by ,the brushes 82 to 89 the current is transferred to certain ones of brushes I05 to H2 inclusive through wires 95 to I02 inclusive,

by means of rings such as 80a mounted on the vertical portion of de-coding arm 90. It is evident that if the pins are in a position as shown in the lower portion of the cylindrical member 59, that is, in the position of pins 62 and 63, no contacts will be made; consequently, no current will be transferred to their respective brushes. The brushes I05 to H2 inclusive are connected to magnets I25 to I32 inclusive by means of wires II5 to I22 inclusive.

Each of these magnets has a suitable ground I35. When the currenthas been conducted to a selected number of the magnets I25 to I32 inclusive, certain switches will be operated to produce a function to be later described. The decoding arm 60 has its upper end rotatably mounted in frame 66. Fixedly secured on arm 60 immediately below the frame is a gear I45 which meshes with another gear I46, said gear having integral therewith a suitable ratchet I41. The gear I46 and ratchet I41 are rotatably mounted upon pin I48 and this pin also has mounted for oscillation thereon an arm I49. The right-hand end of arm I49 has a dog I50 normally engaging the teeth in ratchet I41 and the left-hand end of said arm contacts cam I5I which is fixedly mounted on shaft I52.

The cam I5I is driven from a suitable source of power at a speed equivalent to the normal speed of the operator so that the dog I50 and ratchet I" will be operated to advance the decoding arm successively at the same normal speed. A tension spring I54 is connected intermediate to the ends of arm I49 to normally hold the longer end of this arm in contact with the cam I5 I. When it is desired to render the ratchet mechanism I41 and its associated gears I45 and I46 inoperable to stop the advancement of the de-coding arm 80, a pivoted latch I56 is provided which is pivoted as at I51 to bracket I58. This latch has a projection I59 which is adapted to project behind the arm I49 in Figure 4, when this arm is moved towards the observer in Figure 4 and holds the arm away from the cam. I5I. When, in this position, the cam I5I can continue to rotate at its normal speed but the de-coding arm 80 will remain stationary.

The latch lever I 56 is operated in a counterclockwise manner in Figure 4 to cause the .pro-

jection I59 to extend behind the arm I49. This is accomplished by means of a suitable magnet I60 having a ground I6I and receiving its current through a suitable wire I62, said wire I62,being connected to a distributor point I65 which will.

having a single contact point for contacting a source of current. In regular line printing where equal lengths of lines are desired, it is a well known fact that the lines have to be first set up and then justification added between each word space before the actual line can be produced correctly. The line must be coded or set up before the amount of justification can be determined. For example, the justification is equal to the remainder of unused line divided by the number of word spaces in that line. In the justifier which will be later described, means have been provided whereby this justification can be determined and set up in code before the de-coding system is put into operation. Then, at a subsequent time this amount can be used with its respectively coded line of composition.

Figure 9 shows a scheme of a justifier system used.

The scheme is simply a mechanical representation of a simple geometrical principle.

In similar trianges similar sides are proportionate; if S represented a value equivalent to the number of word spaces in the line of composition and R represented the value of the remainder of the line unused, and U is a unit or constant distance, then J would be a representation of the amount necessary to add to each word space in order to use up the amount of unused line. Likewise, taking a second case, as shown by J, R, S, and U; J and J would be proportionate values since U and U are made equal.

In Figure 8 a shaft I15 is shown having its ends mounted for oscillation in brackets I16 and I11, and fixedly secured to the intermediate portion of said shaft is a bar I18. The right-hand end of this bar has a channel I19 cut therein in which is adapted to rest the lower end of a pin I88, the pin I88 being slidably mounted for vertical movement in the right-hand end of rack bar I8I and being normally forced downwardly against compression spring I82, by bar I83, thereby slidably confining the pin I 88 between the bars I18 and I83.

The bar I83 has pins I 84 and I85 projecting upwardly therefrom, which pins are slidably confined in rigid brackets I86 and I81 and also being normally pushed upwardly by compression springs I88 and I89. A cam I98 normally presses against the upper side of the bar I83, said cam being mounted on a shaft I9I. This shaft I9I has a handle I92 secured on the other end thereof which is manually operated when it is desired to press the bar I 83 downwardly to cause the pin I88 to slide in the end of rack bar I8I and tilt the right-hand end of bar I18 downwardly which, in turn will determine the justihcation; but this operation of the cam I98 does not take place except where the line is to be justified.

In normal operation at the beginning of the writing of a line on the typewriter/the pin I88 is disposed directly over the shaft I15 and in the channel I19. For every word space occurring in the composition, that is, when the space bar is operated on the typewriter, the rack I8I and its associated parts are moved a unit distance to the right; consequently, the distance that the pin I88 maintains with respect to the shaft I15 represents a magnitude equivalent to the number of word spaces in the line of composition. The rack member I8I is slidably mounted in rigid bracket I95 in such a manner that longitu 'nal movement of the rack can be eifected only. A tension spring I96 is used to return the rack bar I8I and its associated parts to normal position after the justification has been effected. The rack I BI has meshing therewith a pinion I91 which pinion is secured on shaft I98 rotatably mounted in a bearing extending from bracket I 95. Shaft I98 also has fixedly secured thereon a ratchet I99 and has loosely mounted thereon an arm 288 adjacent said ratchet. Pawl 28I normally engages the teeth of the ratchet and is held in normal position by means of tension spring 283. The lower portion of lever 288 has springs 284 and 285 se cured to opposed sides thereof which have their other ends secured to bracket 286. The springs 284 and 285 normally hold the lever 288 in the position shown in Figure 8. A magnet 281, having a ground 288, is secured to the bracket 286 and is located in such position as to attract the lower end of arm 288 when the magnet is ener- The magnet 281 receives its current through the wire 289, which wire is connected to one side of a switch 2! operated by the space bar of the typewriter. When the space bar is operated the magnet 281 will be energized thereby (using the lever 288 to rotate in a clockwise position to advance the ratchet I99 and pinion I91, which, in turn, will drive the rack bar I 8| a unit distance to the right in Figure 8.

Another magnet 2I3, having a ground 2, is also secured to bracket 286 and located on the opposed side of the lever arm 288 from that 01 magnet 281. This magnet receives its current through lead wire 2 I5 which is connected to one side of a switch 2| 1, said switch 2I1 being operated by a clearing button on the key board of the typewriter. When the clearing button on the typewriter key board is manually operated the switch 2" is closed, thereby furnishing current to energize the magnet 2I3. When this is done, the lever 288 will be rotated in a counter-clockwise manner (Fig. 8) thereby throwing the righthand end of the pawl 28I against cam surface 2I8. This will cause the pawl to become disengaged from the ratchet teeth in ratchet I99 to allow the spring I96 to return the rack bar I8I to normal position, which position will cause the pin I88 to be located at the axis of rotation shaft I15. It should be noted that an escapement dog 228 also engages ratchet I99 and is held normally in engagement by means of spring 22I This dog is disengaged simultaneously with dog MI by means of magnet 222 which has a ground 223 and receives its current from wire 2I5 through wire 224.

The means for operating the magnitude bar for the representation for the number of spaces for the line of composition of word spaces has been described and now the subtracting means will be explained, that is the means for indicating the amount of unused line in a line of composition on the magnitude bar I18.

represents the total length of the line of composition including justification. Each time a code character representing a space or character is set up, the rack bar 221 and pin 226 are moved to the right a representative distance according to the width of the letter or space.

A tension spring 228 has one end thereof connected to the right-hand end of rack bar 221 and its other end connected to frame I95 for normally returning the rack to its normal position. A pinion 229 engages the rack 221, said pinion being fixedly secured on shaft 238, which, in turn, is rotatably mounted in a bearing extending from frame I95. The shaft 238 also has fixedly secured thereon a ratchet 23I, whose teeth are normally engaged by a pawl 232, said pawl being pivotally secured to lever 233. This 75 pawl 232 is held in mesh with the ratchet 231 by means of spring 235. The lever 233 is loosely mounted around the rod 230 and has integral with the upper end thereof a projection 236 which normally slides in circumferential groove 231. Communicating with this groove is a plurality of slots 238 in each of which are mounted gates 239 only one of which is shown. Each of these gates has a hole or slot in the end thereof in which the end of the lever 240 is freely mounted. This lever is pivoted as at 24! and has a spring 242 connected to the lower end thereof for normally holding the gate open. Although only five gates are shown in Figure 8, there are actually as many gates as there are different widths of characters or spaces. The lever 240 is operated by a magnet 243 and receives its impulses through wire 245 which is connected by all of the key bars representing a. letter space or character having equal space values. That is, a switch 246 will be provided for each set of key bars representing characters having the same space value. The width of the space or character will be represented by the distance that the arm 233 and its associated projection 236 travels in the channel or groove 231. If it is a relatively narrow letter then one of the gates nearer the position that the lever 233 occupies in Figure 8 will be operated to limit the clockwise movement of the lever. Of course, this limitation is effected by means of the projection 236 striking the portion of the gate 239 which happens to be disposed across the channel or groove 231. I have shown only one gate and the operating means therefor, but the other slots each have a similar gate and operating means. The corresponding rotation of lever 233 wil? be transferred to the shaft 230 and thence to the rack bar 221 to cause the pin 226 to travel towards the right in Figure 8.

This lever 233 is oscillated against the tension of spring 248 by means of a suitable solenoid 250 having a ground 25| and receiving its current through a suitable wire 252, said wire 252 being tapped off of wire 245 which has the other end thereof connected to a switch 246.

The plunger 254 of solenoid 250 normally engages the back side of the lever 233 and when the solenoid is energized the pin moves to the right to cause the lever to be rotated in the same manner. It should be noted that each time one of the magnets 243 is energized to operate a gate 239 the solenoid 250 is simultaneously energized since the wire 252 leading therefrom is tapped off wire 245 which supplies the current to magnet 243. It is, therefore, seen that the solenoid 250 is energized to operate the arm 233 when any of the magnets 243 are energized to close a gate. A release magnet 260 having a ground 26! receives its current through wire 262 which is tapped off of wire 2l5.

Disposed near the magnet 260 is a release arm 263 which is pivoted on shaft 230 and has a pointed end 2630. on the upper side thereof which, when rotated, is adapted to wedge beneath the pawl 232 to lift the same out from engagement with ratchet 23l to allow the spring 228 to return the rack and its associated parts to a. normal position. This magnet 260 is energized simultaneously with the magnet 2 l 3, previously described, so that all parts of this mechanism in Figure 8 can be returned to normal position for the beginning ofa new line.

An escapement dog 211 also is held normally in engagement with ratchet 23| by means of ten- ;eiving its current from wire 2l5 through wire Applying the structure shown in Figure 8, to

the schematic diagram in Figure 9, the distance R is represented in Figure 8 by the horizontal distance between the lower edge of the pin 226 and the axis of the shaft I15 along the channelway 225. This, as has been previously stated, denotes the remainder of the unused line. The distance S is represented in Figure 8 by the distance between the pin I80 and the axis of shaft I15 along the channel I19, and represents the magnitude of the number of word spaces. When the line has been completed and it is desired to determ ne the justification the cam I90 is operated to push the pin I80 downwardly which distance is constant and is represented by the distance U. This distance is determined by the rise of the cam I90; therefore, the distance that the pin 226 will be moved upwardly will be represented by J in the diagram, which is the justification. The justification is always equal to the remainder of the line unused divided by the word spaces and since the vertical movement J of the pin I80 is mathematically equivalent of the unit distance U multiplied by the remainder and divided by the number of word spaces the pin distance 226 will represent the unit of the justification necessary to be added to each word space in order to fill out the line. That is:

Therefore This vertical movement represented by the letter J will be transmitted to a mechanism to be .presently described for use in a delayed manner. Once this value has been set up, it will be used at the end of each word in the form of justification.

The upper end of pin 226 (see Figure 10) normally contacts the lower side of a disk 265 which is fixed on the lower end of vertically disposed shaft 266 rotatably mounted in framework 261. Secured to the upper end of shaft 266 is an arm 268, said arm contacting a free body 269, which is also slidably mounted for vertical movement in framework 261. A pin 210 projects from the side of free body 269 for limiting the downward movement of this body and a spring 21l normally holds this body in lowered position, that is, in a position shown in the right-hand central portion of Figure 10.

When the justification is set up, represented by the distance J, the pin 226 is moved upwardly by bar I18, the shaft 266 is likewise moved upwardly, which, in turn, will move the pin or free body 269 upwardly the same amount. In this upward position the pin or free body 269 will assume a position shown in the left-hand central portion of Figure 10 and here the pin is held in a fixed position for delayed use, that is, for use at the end of each word space that the justification has been provided for.

The means for holding the free body 269 in the raised position comprises a lug 212 slidably mounted in framework 261, which lug has a beveled surface 213 on the right-hand end thereof making an angle with the vertical of less than forty-five degrees. The pin 215 is also slidably mounted in framework 261 and has its lower end secured to an open lug 214.

A tension spring 216 normally forces the pin 215 upwardly at all times in contact with the cam surface 213. It should also be noted that at the point where the pin or lug 212 contacts the free body 269 that the free body is also slightly tapered which will prevent the free body from escaping upwardly, thereby holding the free body in arigid position. The means for unlocking or releasing the free body 269 after the justification has been used is done by the following mechanism.

It will be noted that the open lug 214 has one end of an extension 280 extending therein, said extension being slidably keyed on the shaft 266 to prevent relative rotation between the two. A keyway 281 is provided in the shaft 266 with a projection from the hub of extension 260 extending therein. The lower end of hub 281 has a circumferential groove therein into which roller 282 is adapted to fit. This roller is mounted on one end of a lever 283 pivoted as at 284 to the framework and another roller is mounted on the other end of the lever for normally contacting cam 285, which is fixedly mounted on shaft 191. A compression spring 286 is mounted around shaft 266 and disposed between the hub of extension 260 and the framework 261 to normally push the extension upwardly and to also hold tl: roller in the right-hand end of lever.283 in contact with cam 285 at all times. When it is desired to release a free body 269 the shaft 191 is rotated to cause the high side of cam 285 to move beneaththe right-hand end of lever 293 which, in turn, will cause the member 280 to be pulled downwardly. This movement will pull the pin 215 downwardly and allow the free body 269 to also move downwardly to its normal position under the force of spring 211.

A plurality of free bodies such as 269 are concentrically mounted in the framework 261 and are operated in identically the same manner as has been previously described. The purpose for providing a plurality is to provide a justification for several lines before those lines are decoded. For example, if there is a long line of composition being decoded, and several short succeeding lines, by providing a plurality of free bodies and justification means it will not be necessary for the operator to wait until the long line has been decoded to re-use the same coding member after a second line has been completed by the operator before the operator proceeds to a third line. (Figure l0. The members 269 and 280 normally cooperate at the 269 and its locking means. In order to locate or to re-position these members 268 and 280 with relation to the successive free bodies for producing a justification and also for releasing the same, the following means are provided. A gear 290 is fixedly secured on shaft 266 and meshes with a larger gear 291 which is Wider than gear 290 to allow a certain amount of relative vertical movement. This gear 291 is rotatably mounted as at 292 and has integral therewith a ratchet 293 whose teeth are normally engaged by a pawl 294. This pawl is secured on one end of a lever 295 loosely mounted around pin 292. The right-hand end of lever 295 contacts side cam 296 (see Figures 10 and 12) which has a projection 296a. This cam is also fixedly secured on shaft 191.

A tension spring 298 normally holds the free end of lever 295 in contact with this cam at all times and when the cam is rotated so as to cause the projection 296a to ride beneath the end of same time with a free body lever 295 it is evident that the ratchet 293 will be advanced accordingly. This movement of ratchet 293 will be transferred through gears 291, 290 and thereby cause the shaft 266 to rotate the members 268 and 280 to the succeeding free body 269. At the end of each line and prior to justification, the shaft 191 is given one complete rotation by means of handle 192. (Figure 8). While the free body is in clamped position as in the position of the free body 269 in the left-hand central portion of Figure 10, the cam 285 will first ride beneath the right-hand end of lever 283 and release the free body to allow it to return to a position shown in the right-hand central portion of Figure 10.

Immediately when the high side of cam 285 rides beneath the lever 283 to effect this release the high side of cam 190 contacts the bar 183 to produce a justification. The cam 190 is of sufli cient length so that it will retain Then upon further rotation the cam will pass oil of the bar 183 after which cam 296 will move beneath the lever 295 which operates the ratchet mechanism to advance the members 268 and 280 to the next successive free body and its locking means.

Referring to Figure 1 it is seen that the magnets 125 and 129 actuate a switch 300 which is supplied with current from wire 301, this wire being connected to a suitable source of electrical energy such as battery 302 which battery is grounded as at 303.

A commutator 305 is installed in the line 301 which will provide current to the line only after the proper routine switches of magnets 125 to 132 have been thrown into operation by their respective magnets. With this compound routing system it is possible to furnish electrical energy or current to eighty-one different points, since there are four sets of switches and each switch in each set can be routed to three diiferent points. In other words, the routing system is used to effect a decoding by distributing a source of en ergy to a number of points by means of a minimum number of controls. The switch 300 furnishes current to wires 306, 301 and 308, although in its present position the switch is shown connected to wire 306. These wires are connected to switches 309, 31 and 311 respectively which are operated simultaneouly with switch 300 by the magnet 130 or 126. These magnets operate the bar 312 to which all of these switches are pivotally connected. The switches 309, 310 and 311 each furnish current to three other wires such as 313, 314, 315 and here the switch 3091s shown contacting wire 313. The current flows through wires 313, 314 and 315 to switches 316, 311 and 318, said switches being operated by magnets I21 and 131 through the bar 319 to which the switches are connected. Each of these switches 316, 311 and 318 also furnish current to three other wires such as 320, 321 and 322. the present instance the switch 316 is furnishing current to wire 320, said wire 320 being connected to a switch 323 and the wires 321 and 322 being connected to switches 324 and 325 which switches are operated by magnets 128 and 132 through the bar 326 to which the switches are pivotally secured. The switches 323, 324. and 325 each furnish current to three other Wires which in turn furnish power for the various operations and controls necessary in the production of the final line.

If none of the magnets I25 to I32 a actuated then the switch sun will be connected c wire :01 and likewise, the switch 3I0 will be connected to wire 330 from whence the current will flow directly through switch 33I, wire 332 switch 333 to distributing point 334 for final use. However, in this position it should be noted that this will be the only line which is energized but when some of the magnets are energized such as I29 and I26 as shown in the drawings, the current will follow a path as follows: the energy in the particular case shown in Figure 1 will fiow from the battery 302 through wire 30I commutator 305, switch 300, wire 306, switch 309, wire 3I3, switch 3I6, wire 320, switch 323 to distributor point 321 for final use.

By operating various combinations of the magnets I25 to I32, it is apparent that eighty-one different distributor points can be energized individually. For example, if it is desired to use a distributor point such as I to operate a lever I56 (Figures 1 and 4) to lock the bar I49 so that the decoding will not continue, the current will be furnished to the magnet I60 through wire I62,

from point I65, which is energized by certain combinations set up by certain pins 60 to 63 in the coding apparatus.

It is thus seen that the code for a function can be set up by actuating the combination of pins 60 to 63 inclusive for delayed use at a desired time and at the desired point in the line of composition.

In order to operate the projector units of this mechanism shown in Figure 4 so that a character will be projected upon a suitable mirror from a magazine and then projected or reflected from this mirror through a lens system and upon a sensitized film or plate, a wire 340 is led off from one of the distributing points such as 333 (Fig. 1A) and this wire is connected to a suitable solenoid 34I grounded as at 342.

The solenoid 34I operates a plunger 344 which has its end slidably mounted in a plate 343, said plunger 344 being held with its upper end normally flush with the top of the plate by suitable means such as a tension spring 345. When this plunger or limiting button 344 is in an operative position, that is, when the solenoid is energized the upper end projects above the top surface of plate 343 it normally limits the counter-clockwise motion of lever 346 (Figure 25). This lever 346 is fixedly connected to vertically disposed shaft 341 which has a framework 348 secured thereto, in which a horizontal shaft 349 is rotatably mounted.

Secured on shaft 349 is a mirror 350. Shaft 341 is actuated by the swinging motion of bell crank lever 355 which is held in the position shown in Figure 25 against a plunger 344 by means of a tension spring 356. This lever 355 is operated by cam 351 which is turned at the same constant speed as shaft I52 for operating the decoding arm shown in Figures 4 and 5.

When the cam comes into contact with the bell crank 355 and returns the same to normal position the lever 346 rides over the beveled top of latch 360 which is normally in the position shown in Figures 25 and 26 and after it rides over this latch it is prevented from being operated until the magnet 36I is energized to effect a release. Tension spring 359 holds latch 360 in upward position to effect the latching. The magnet 36I is energized through wire 363 which is tapped off of wire 364, said wire 384 receiving its current from a distribution point 365. Leading from the point 365 is another wire 366 which is contacting the commutator 305.

When the bell crank 355 is actuated after "one of the solenoids 34I have placed a stop pin 344 in the desired position in plate 343 the shaft 341 andthe mirror 350 will be rotated about its vertical axis in order to position the mirror so that a character on the magazine film 380 may be projected onto the mirror 350 by suitable means such as light bulbs 38I which receive current from battery 319 (Figure 1A). When the character is projected onto the mirror its image is reflected through lenses 382 and 383 onto a sensitized film (see Figures 28 and 29).

The means for obtaining the adjustment of mirror 350 about the shaft 349 is essentially the same as the means just described for obtaining vertical adjustment. The arm 386 has a forked end which is pivoted to the shaft 385 which supports the mirror 350 and the free end thereof is adapted to slide in close proximity to a plate 369 having a plurality of stop pins 390 normally mounted therein, each pin being actuated by a solenoid such as 39I, said pin and solenoid being identical in structure to solenoid 34I and its associated pin 344. Likewise, a latch 392 having associated therewith a magnet 393 similar to latch 360 and magnet 36I, is associated with plate 389 and serves to latch the lever arm 394 to normal position when the arm 394 is lowered to neutral position by means of cam 395. This cam 395 rotates at the same speed as cam 351 and actuates the arm 394 simultaneously with the lever arm 346. The arm 394 is normally held against a button or stop pin 390 by suitable means such as a tension spring 396. The magnet 393 receives its power from wires 364 through magnet 36I, both of these magnets being in series and grounded as at 361.

Likewise solenoid 39I is energized from the same source and at the same time that solenoid 34I is energized through wire 340.

It is thus seen that rotation of the mirror 350 about its horizontal and vertical axis can be ob-' tained to thereby scan all portions of the film magazine 380 in order to pick a letter or character therefrom and refiect it through the lenses 382, 383 and onto film 384 (Figs. 24, 28 and 29). Film magazine 380 is shown as being in the form of a segment of a sphere with all parts thereon equidistant from mirror 350. When a character is picked off of the member 380 and directed onto film 384 it passes through window 381 and the conventional rotating shutter 388 gives the projection the proper time of exposure. This shutter is turned at the same speed as the decoding time per operation, or at the same speed as shaft I52.

The film 384 is secured on a vertically disposed platen 338 (Figure 13), said platen being slidably mounted for vertical movement on shaft 399 since it has a projection in the hub thereof projecting into key way 400. The hub portions of platen 385 are rotatably mounted in U-shaped bracket 405 which is slidably mounted for vertical movement in frame 406. The U-shaped rack member 405 has teeth therein which are engaged by a pinion 401 which has integral therewith ratchet 408. This ratchet is normally engaged by a pawl 409 secured on lever 4I0, said lever having one of its ends loosely mounted on shaft H I upon which the pinion 401 and ratchet 408 are mounted. The lever 4I0 has a roller 4 which is adapted .wire 452. The magnet to be contacted at times by cam "5 which turns at the constant de-codin speed.

When the cam operates it returns the lever 41 0 to its normal position as shown in Figure 13 against the tension of spring 6, where the lever is locked in position by latch 9 having tension spring 428. This latch is operated by a magnet 42l grounded as at 42Ia (Figs. 1A and 19). When it is desired to release the latching mechanism the switch 426 is closed thereby supplying current to this magnet 42I thorugh distributing point 425 and wires 424 and 422. Magnet 42I also receives its current from a coded distributing point 423 so that the magnet can be released directly from the keyboard of the typewriter or from a coded function. Lever 418 has a projection 2 on the end thereof which is adapted to fit into the arcuate groove 421 in frame 428. Suitable pins 429 communicate with this groove and are spaced in such position as to limit the downward travel of arm 4). By push ng in various pins 423 a different movement of the ratchet 408 is obtained and consequently a variable ver tical displacement of the film is obtained.

Means have just been described for producing a vertical displacement of the film or for moving the same to a new line position. Now the means for producing circumferential displacement of the film will be described.

Referring to Figures 16, 20, 21, 22 the means for producing this circumferential displacement for character spacing is shown. A cam 435 is fixedly mounted on a shaft 436 which turns at the constant speed of the unit de-coding time, or at the same speed as shaft I52.

This cam has a roller 431 contacting the surface thereof which roller is mounted on one end of a lever 438, said lever 438, in turn, being loosely mounted around shaft 433.

A ratchet 440 is also fixedly mounted on shaft 433 adjacent the lever 438. This ratchet is normally operated by pawl 44I which is held in contact with the teeth of the ratchet by means of spring 442. The right-hand end of lever 438 (Fig. 16) has integral therewith a projection 443 which follows the circumferential groove 444 in arcuate frame 445. Also pivoted in this frame 445 is a plurality of gates 446 which are held in the pathway of projection 443 as it moves in groove 444 by means of magnets 441 against the tension of springs 448. After the magnet 441 is operated to cause one of the latches to be placed in the position shown in Figures 21 and 22, a resilient latch 443 hooks over a free end of a gate 446 and maintains it in this position even after its magnet 441 has been de-energized. While only one magnet 441 is shown it should be borne in mind that there are as many magand that the number of gates is dethe number of spacing variations desired in producing characters of normal spacing. Magnet 441 is connected in series with solenoid 34! and receives its current therefrom by 441 is grounded as at 342.

same space width will to cause a selected gate and this value is clockwise manner until the projection 443 contacts a gate 446 (Figures 22 and 23).

The latch 451 is normally held in secure position by means of tension spring 458 and upon energizatlon of the magnet 456 the latch 451 is operated to effect a release of the lever 438, to allow the rotation to be imparted to shaft 433.

Means have also been provided for releasing one of the free ends of gates 446 after it has served its function as a limiting device. This releasing means is not effected until the projection 443 has contacted the gate 446 and started backwardly, at which time the high side or projection 460 on the side of cam 435 will ride beneath roller 46! on lever 462, said lever 462 having its upper end fixedly 463. A plate 464 is fixedly secured to this shaft which plate has a resilient hook 443 on the upper end thereof for each of the to hold the roller 461 in contact with cam 460 at all times the tension spring 465 is provided. It is evident that when the roller rides on the high side of the cam 460 that the shaft 463 will be rotated in a counter-clockwise manner of the plate 464 clockwise manner (Fig. 22) until the end thereof will be out of the path of the projection 443 travelling in groove 444.

By referring to Figures 13 and 18, it is seen how this rotation of shaft 433 is used to effect a circumferential displacement of the platen 338 for the normal spacing of characters and word spacing.

Shaft 433 is rotatably mounted in framework 461 and has a disk 468 The ratchet 418 is fixedly se cured on another shaft 411 which is also rotatably mounted in framework 461.

the upper end thereof a collar 480 which in turn has integral therewith gear 48L The keyway 482a makes it possible for the collar 480 to have sliding vertical movement and the gear 48l meshes with another gear 482 fixedly secured on platen shaft 339. It is seen that through this chain of gears Just described, that the rotation imparted to shaft 433 is transferred to the platen 338 to advance the same a pre-determined amount.

The above described mechanism is used for circumferential displacement of the platen 338 or normal spacing. Where it is necessary to add a small justification between each word in this smaller spacing immediately after the normal spacing occurs between words. The means for setting up this justification value has been described in connection with Figures 8 and 10 represented by the distance that the pin 218 in free body 263 has been set above its normal position.

While the pin 213 and free body 263 are in the position shown in the left-hand central portion of Figure 10, the distancebetween the pin 210 and the frame 261 represents this value. 'The free bodies 269 have a cap 269a which serves as a limiting device and which is contacted byprojection 490 secured on the lower end of shaft 49!. The shaft 49l isslidably mou'ntedin' the framework 261 and has a grooved'pu1ley'492 on the upper end thereof into which fits rollers 493 secured to arm 494. This arm is pivoted as at 495 and has a roller mounted in the right-- hand end thereof, said roller normally contacting cam 496 fixed on shaft 491. This shaft operates at a constant speed the sameas that of the de-coding cam shaft I52 in Figure 4. "A

spring 499 normally tends to rotate the lever 494 about pivot joint 495. The "other end of lever 494 has a segment of a gear 499 which engages a gear 500 fixedly secured on shaft 411. Gear 500- has a plurality of unequally spaced pawls 542 for engaging the ratchet 410. With the arm 490 disposed in the positionshown in Figure 10 the rotation of cam 495 ,will cause the lever 494'to oscillate thereby turning the gear 500 by means of segment 499 an additional amount sufficient to produce the necessary justification. Pawls 469 and542 are spacedon their mounts so that only one at a time will engage its associated ratchet. This gives a vernier movement for very minute movement of the platen for minute Justification. Since the cam" normally rotates at a constant speed andit is only desired to add the justification at certain periods, that is, between words, it is necessary to provide a locking means for preventing the oscillation of the lever arm 494 except when justification is desired to be added. This locking-means comprises a pivoted hook member 502 pivoted as at 503totheframe261. '1

This hook has a tension spring 504 secured to the lower end thereof for normally holding the hook in the position shown in Figure 10. After the justification has been added and cam 496 rotates from the position shown in Figure 10 the lower left-hand end of lever 494 is caused to fall beneath the hook member 502 and to be latched in position until magnet 505 is energized to release the same. This magnet has a ground 505a and is energized through wire 506 which is connected to one of the distributing points such as 501. Whenever a coding which represents word spacing has routed the energy to point 501 the release magnet 505 will be energized to allow the lever 494 to be released to operate to add the justification.

In order to re-position arm 490 (Figure 10) to take off a justification value for a new line the followingmechanism is provided. Gear 483 is secured on shaft 49l which meshes with a larger gear 484. This gear is rotatably mounted on stud 495 and hasintegral therewith a ratchet 496, said ratchet being engaged by pawl 491 on lever 499. The lever is freely mounted on stud 495 and is attracted by a magnet 499 to cause gears 493 and 494 to be rotated a predetermined amount and revolve arm 490 in its proper relation to the next successive free body 269. The spring 499areturns the lever 499 and pawl 491 to normal position after magnet 499 has been de-energized. The magnet 499 is grounded as at 499a, and receives its energy from wire 419 leading from coded impulse distributing point 419 (Figure 11).

Collar 414 has additional gears 509, 510 and 521 integral therewith which also cooperate with the gears 5, H2 and M3, (Fig. 13) on shaft 41! to obtain different gear ratios.

The collar 414 is operated by means of a suitable-lever 5l4 pivoted as at 5I5 and having a nut 5l6 for securing the lever in adjusted position. "Likewise-shaft 399 has additional gears 5H and 519 whichfalso cooperate with gears H9 and 520 on collar 490 for effecting a gear ratio which is similar to the arrangement previously described andindicated by reference characters 509, M and 52L I'he handle 522 is pivoted as at.523and also'has a nut 524 for securing the handle "in adjusted position after the desired pairs ofg'ears have been thrown into mesh.

Instead of returning the platen 399 to normal position for the beginning of a new line. as a typewriter would normally operate, the abovedestzribed mechanism works on a continuous principle. In other words, immediately after a line has been completed, means are employed for continuing the cylinder around until it reaches its starting point for the new line.

Fixedly securely on the lower end of shaft 399 is a pinion 521 (Figs. 13 and 14) which meshes with an idler pinion 529, said pinion 529 having integral therewith a smaller pinion 529, which in turn meshes with another pinion 530, said pinion 530 being fixedly secured on the end of stud shaft 53l which shaft is rotatably mounted in framework 461. The lower end of the shaft has a ratchet .532 fixed thereon whose teeth are engaged at tlmes'by a pawl 533 secured on the end of lever 534'. The lever 534 is loosely mounted on, shaft 53L A spring 535 normally holds the pawl in the position shown in Figure 14. A motor 531, having"a'weightl539 fixed on its shaft, is adapted 'toj makeone complete revolution and actuate the lever 534 when the motor is given an impulse. v This motor has a ground 539, is energized through wire 540 leading fromcoded distributor point and acts at the beginning of a new line. It should be noted that the shaft in this motor only makes one revolution. This revolution 'causesweight 538 to return the lever 534 to a position where it is capable of revolving the platen 399 three hundred and sixty degrees under the tension of a drive spring 535; however during the normal travel of the platen during the using of a line of composition this ratchet 532 travels its corresponding amount towards the zero point at which; time the lever 534 is actuated which will place the dog 533 behind the next tooth in the ratchet wheel so that the spring 535 can complete the revolution of the platen. If the arm 534 should be actuated at the beginning of a line, the dog'533 would rotate ratchet sixty degrees, that is the distance between its teeth. This rotation of sixty degrees will impart three hundred and sixty degrees rotation to the platen. (Fig. 14).

In the drawings and specification there has been set forth a preferred embodiment of the invention, and although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only, and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the appended claims. v

I claim:

1. Apparatus for preparing a photographic film of characters for printing, comprising means for transmitting a plurality of impulses for a character, a selector mechanism operable by said impulses to set up a plurality of selections for a line of characters, means for reading the set up characters, while a new line of characters'i's'being set in the selector mechanism, and means 'operable by the reading of the set up characters for projecting the image of said characters onto said film to produce l nes of characters on said film.

2. Apparatus for preparing photographic film having lines of characters for printing thereon, comprising means for transmitting a plurality of electrical impulses for each character, a selector mechanism operable by said impulses, means in said selector mechanism for storing said selec-, tions for an entire line, means for reading said stored selections while a new line of selections is being made in said selector, means for holding a sensitized film, means controlled by the read? ing of said stored selections for projecting onto,

said film the image of the character called for by a selection in said selector, means for measuring the amount of space occupied by a character in the stored line of characters, means for measuring the number of words in a line of stored char ters, means for placing space selections in said selector, means operable by the reading of the stored selections for moving said sensitized film, and means controlled by said combined measuring means for moving the film between words an additional amount above a regular space which is proportional to the length of unfinished space in a linedivided by the number of word spaces in a line.

3. Apparatus for photographically composing type characters which comprises a selector mechanism, means for storing in said selector selections for type characters, means for reading said storings, means operable by said reading fcz projecting the image of a read character onto a sensitized film, means for me the amount of space occupied by the stored selections for characters, spaces and the like'ih a line of selections, means for measuring the number of spaces in a line, means for holding said film, means operable by the reading of a stored space character for moving the means for holding said film a predetermined amount, means for moving the character measuring and word space measuring means, means settable by said moving of the character and word measuring means, and means controlled by the said setting for moving the film a predetermined additional amount between words which is proportional to the length of the unfinished portion of the line divided by the number of word spaces in the line.

4. A selector mechanism for controlling type reproduction means. comprising a circular member, a plurality of sets of pins mounted in the member, an arm mounted for rotation around said circular member and having a forked free end with the forks disposed on each side of said member, a plurality of solenoids mounted in ratus, means for moving the film, a member having type characters thereon, a mirror, means for projecting said characters onto said mirror,

ar'ras'n means operable by the actuation of key bars for setting up selections in said selector'mechanism," means for reading the selections in the selector, means operableby the reading of the selections in said selector for causing relative movement between the mirror and the member having the remaining in a line of characters;

6. Apparatus for preparing a film having a line of justified-characters thereon comprising a selector, means for setting up selections in said selector for an entire line oi type characters, meansfor measuring the space the selected characters will occupy in line printing, means for measuring the number of spaces between words in a line of selected characters, means for reading "saidline of selections successively, means operable by said reading for: projecting the image of said selected characters onto a sensitized film, means for dividing the space remaining in a line bythe number of word spaces and spacing the words in the line sufiiciently to fill the line on said film,

in position while a line of selections stored in g the selector is read by said reading means,

7. Apparatus for preparing a photographic film having thereon justified lines of type characters comprising a selector, means for setting up a line of selections in said selector, means for setting space selections in said selector, means for measuring'the space theselected characters will occupyin' aline of printed matter, means for counting the'word spaces in a line of selections, means for dividing the space remaining in a line of sea lections by the number of word spaces, a mirror;

' means for projecting the images of the characters onto said mirror, means for reading a line of selections in said selector, means operable by the reading of a character for moving said mirror to reflect the selected character onto said film, and means operable by a space selectio'ni'or moving the film an additional amount above a space movement to space the words in a line in'ac-' cordance with the space remaining in a line di vided by the word spaces in the line; 8. Apparatus-for producing lines of characters on a sensitized film comprising means for transmitting a plurality of impulses for a character, means operable by said impulses for projecting the image of a character onto saidfilm, means for measuring the space the projected characters will occupy in regularline printing, justifying devices comprising means movable a predetermined amount by the placing of a space character between words, means for dividing the unused space in a line by the number of word spaces, and means controlled by said justifying devices for moving said film between words an additional amount over the regular word space in proportion to the quotient of the remaining space in a line divided by the number of word spaces in a line.

9. Apparatus for producing a photographic film having lines of characters thereon for printing, comprising means for sending a plurality of electrical impulses for a character, a selector having a plurality of parts, there being a set of parts for each character desired to be produced, means operable by a set of impulses for setting a portion of the selector for a character and stepping said means to a new point on the selector, means for reading the settings on said selector while new selections for another line are being set by other sets oi impulses. and means operable by the reading of said stored selections for reproducing a character.

10. Apparatus for preparing a photographic film with lines of characters thereon which comprises a typewriter having type bars and key bars for operating the type bars, a selector settable by actuation oi the key bars, a character magazine, a mirror. means for a line set in the selector, and means operableby successive reading of the selector tor successively focusing the mirror to reflect selected characters onto the photographic film.

11. Apparatus for preparing a photographic film having lines or characters thereon for printing, plate making and the like, comprising a typewriter having typebars and key bars, a

selector operable by actuation oi the key; bars for setting up selections for an entire line of characters, a mirror, a member having charmters represented thereon,-' means for successively reading the characters set up in the selector, and means operable by each reading of a stored setting for positioning said mirror to reflect DQ88- lected character on said member onto said fllmfor reproducing the image of said character on said film, and means for stepping-the illm to a position to receive the reflection of a succeeding character.

12. Apparatus for preparing a flim having lines of justifled type characters thereon comprising a typewriter having type bars and key bars for operating the type bars, means operable by the actuation of a type bar .ifor transmitting a plurality of electrical impulses, 'a selector mechanlsm, means operable by the impulses sent by actuation of a plurality of key bars for setting up 'in the selector a plurality of selections to form a line of type characters, means for holding and moving said film, a member having the, desired characters thereon, a mirror mounted for 'universal movement in a selected place, mean's for reading the selections in said selector for an approximate line of characters, means for measuring the space occupied by the characters in a line as the selections are setup in the selector, means for counting the'space characters set up in the selector, means operable by the reading of a character for moving said mirror to cause the image of one of said characters to be reflected onto said film, means for dividing the space remaining-in a line by the number of word spaces in a line of selected characters, and means operable by the reading of a word space setting for moving the film an additional amount above the regular movement imparted by a word spacing character which is proportional to the space remaining in the line divided by the number of word spaces in the line. 4

13. Apparatus for producing a film having lines of printed characters thereon comprising a rotatable carriage for holding the film,'-"mean s for projecting the images of type characters onto said film, means for rotating said film upon selection of a character in proportion to the width of the character, means for rotating the film to form spaces between the words in the line, means controlled by the spaceoccupied by the characters in a line and the number of words spaced in a line for rotating the carriage an additional amount above a regular space between words which is proportional to the unused space in aline divided by the number ofspaces between the words in the line. a

14. Apparatus for preparing a photographic fllm of characters for printing, comprising means for transmitting a plurality of impulses or a character, a selector mechanism operable by said impulsesto set up a plurality ofselections for a line or characters, means for reading the set up characters while a new line of characters is'being set in the selector mechanism, means operable by the reading of the set up characters for projecting the image of said characters onto said fllm to produce lines of characters on said fllm, and means for making a selection in the selector mechanism to stop the reading means when the end of aline of selections has been reached.

15. Apparatus for photographically composing type characters which comprises a selector mechanism, means for storing in said selector selections for type characters, means for reading said storings, means operable by said reading for projecting the image of a read character onto a sensitized-film, means for measuring the amount of space occupied by the stored selections 'for characters, spaces and the like in a line of selections, means for measuring the number of spaces -unfinished portion of the line divided by the number of word spaces in the line, and means for making a selection in the selector mechanism to stop the reading means when the end of a line of selections has been reached.

16. A typewriter having key bars; a selector mechanism, a sensitized fllm, justiiication apparatus, means for moving the film, a member having type characters thereon, a mirror, means for projecting said characters onto said mirror, means operable by the actuation of key' bars for. setting up selections in said selector mechanism, means for reading the selections in the selector, means operable by the reading of the selections in said selector ior causing relative movement between the mirror and the member having the type characters thereon for projecting the image of the selected character onto said him for reproduction, means for operating the justification apparatus to divide the spaces between the of selections has been reached.

17. Apparatus for preparing a film having. a line of justified characters thereon comprising a selector, means for setting up selections in said selector for an entire line of type characters, means for measuring the space the selected characters will occupy in line printing, means for measuring the number of spaces between words in a line of selected characters, means for reading said line of selections successively, means operable by said reading for projecting the image oi said selected charactersonto a sensitized fllm, means for dividing the space remaining in a line by the number of word spaces and spacing the words in the line sufficiently to fill the line on 

